ГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅ ГЇВїВЅ ГЇВїВЅГЇВїВЅ

Zabougornov

Гџ ГГ Г¤ГҐГѕГ±Гј ГўГ±ГҐ ГґГ°Г ГГ¶ГіГ§Г±ГЄГЁГ© ГЇГ®ГГЁГ¬Г ГѕГІ....

LвЂ™Exode a-t-il eu lieu ? Moïse se dressant face au Pharaon, déchaînant contre lui les 10 plaies dвЂ™Égypte, la fuite à travers la Mer Rouge, puis les Dix Commandements révélés au premier des Hébreux sur В« le mont de Dieu В», ces épisodes bibliques sont parmi les plus évocateurs et les plus significatifs de la Bible. Sont-ils pour autant historiques ? Au risque de décevoir leurs lecteurs, les auteurs affirment : В« Nous nвЂ™avons pas la moindre trace, pas un seul mot, mentionnant la présence dвЂ™Israélites en Égypte : pas une seule inscription monumentale sur les murs des temples, pas une seule inscription funéraire, pas un seul papyrus. LвЂ™absence dвЂ™Israël est totale вЂ“ que ce soit comme ennemi potentiel de lвЂ™Égypte, comme ami, ou comme peuple asservi. В» A lвЂ™époque supposée de lвЂ™Exode, au XIIIВ° siècle av. J.C., lвЂ™Égypte de Ramsès II est une puissance considérable, qui contrôle parfaitement les cités-États de Canaan. Des forteresses égyptiennes balisent la frontière, dвЂ™autres sont bâties en Canaan. Pour Finkelstein et Silberman, il est inimaginable quвЂ™une foule dвЂ™esclaves hébreux aient pu fuir vers le désert et la Mer Rouge sans rencontrer les troupes égyptiennes, sans quвЂ™il en reste trace dans les archives étatiques. Or, la plus ancienne mention des Hébreux est une stèle commémorant, à la fin du XIIIВ° siècle av. J.C., la victoire du pharaon Merneptah sur le peuple dвЂ™Israël, mais en Canaan-même.

Même absence de vestiges archéologiques dans le Sinaï, où les compagnons de Moïse ont, selon la Bible, erré pendant 40 ans.
Toutefois, pour nвЂ™être pas exacte dвЂ™un point de vue historique, la Bible, dans sa description de lвЂ™Exode, nвЂ™est pas pour autant une fiction littéraire : les toponymes (les noms de lieu) en Égypte, dans le Sinaï ou à Canaan, désignent bien des territoires historiques, mais plus proches là encore du VIIВ° siècle av. J.C. que de lвЂ™époque présumée de lвЂ™Exode. (Ce dernier fait peut-être allusion à lвЂ™expulsion dвЂ™Égypte, bien réelle celle-là, des Hyksos, qui étaient eux-mêmes des Cananéens). Dès lors, ce récit dвЂ™un affrontement victorieux entre Pharaon et Moïse a pu devenir une saga nationale, une toile de fond mythique et encourageante alors quвЂ™au VIIВ° siècle av. J.C., la renaissance de lвЂ™Égypte menace les ambitions du roi de Juda, Josias.

Г—ГІГ® Г¦ ГЅГІГ® ГЇГ®Г«ГіГ·Г ГҐГІГ±Гї, ГГҐ ГЎГ»Г«Г® ГГЁГЄГ ГЄГ®ГЈГ® Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤Г ? Г‚Г±Вё Г·ГІГ® ГГ ГЇГЁГ±Г ГГ® Гў ГЃГЁГЎГ«ГЁГЁ - ГЅГІГ® Г«ГЁГёГј ГґГ ГГІГ Г§ГЁГЁ ГЁ Г«ГҐГЈГҐГГ¤Г» ГГ ГІГҐГ¬Г» Г°ГҐГ Г«ГјГГ® ГЇГ°Г®ГЁГ±ГµГ®Г¤ГїГ№ГЁГµ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГ©, Г±Г®Г·ГЁГВёГГГ»ГҐ ГЈГ®Г°Г Г§Г¤Г® ГЇГ®Г§Г¤ГГҐГҐ Г±Г Г¬ГЁГµ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГ©, ГГ® ГГЁ Гў ГЄГ®Г© Г¬ГҐГ°ГҐ ГГҐ Г®ГЇГЁГ±Г»ГўГ ГѕГ№ГЁГҐ Г¤Г®Г±ГІГ®ГўГҐГ°ГГ® Г±Г Г¬ГЁ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГї?
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A la guerre comme a la guerre ГЁГ«ГЁ ГўГІГ®Г°Г Гї Г°ГҐГ¤Г ГЄГ¶ГЁГї Г‡Г ГЎГіГЈГ®Г°ГГ®ГўГ

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Zabougornov

Г‘ГҐГ©Г·Г Г± ГЇГ®Г©Г¤Гі ГЁГ±ГЄГ ГІГј "The unearthed Bible""
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A la guerre comme a la guerre ГЁГ«ГЁ ГўГІГ®Г°Г Гї Г°ГҐГ¤Г ГЄГ¶ГЁГї Г‡Г ГЎГіГЈГ®Г°ГГ®ГўГ

Zabougornov

Г‚Г®ГІ ГГ ГёВёГ«....
http://www.bibleandscience.com/bible/reviews/unearthed.htm

The Egyptian historian Manetho in the third century BC suggested that Hyksos who were driven out of Egypt, founded the city of Jerusalem and built a temple there. This happened about 1570 BC. Egyptologist Donald Redford thinks the Exodus echoes the Hyksos expulsion (68-9). For more information see The Date of the Exodus and The Archaeological Evidence for the Exodus.

Let me be so bold as to insert my opinion. I think the story of the Exodus is very loosely based on the Egyptian story about the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt. I think Moses may be loosely based on some of the stories about Ah-mose. Ah-mose's besiege of Sharuhen (ANET, 233-34), seems similar to Israel's futile attack on the Amalekites and Canaanites (Numbers 14:39-45, 21:1-3, or Exodus 17:8-16). For Ah-mose it took three years, for Moses 38 years of wandering. In Josephus, Moses was said to be a general who made war with the Ethiopians or the Nubians as did Ah-mose (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book II, Chapter X). This story also explains why Moses married an Ethiopian.

I think the conquest of Canaan is loosely based on Egyptian campaigns of Thutmose I into Canaan destroying the Middle Bronze Age cities. The period of the Judges is reflected in the Amarna Letters. The Hapiru who are mentioned in the letters is probably a derogatory label from which the word Hebrew originated. They were not an ethnic group. The local Hapiru formed a confederacy of tribes called Israel. The tribe of Dan may be the Denyen or Dannuna of the Sea People (Dothan, 1992, 215-19; Iliad, Book 1.56,87). For more details see The Archaeological Evidence for the Exodus. Back to the book.

In Exodus 1:11 the city of Ramses is mentioned. This is anachronistic. The first pharaoh to be named Ramses was in 1320 BC. Egyptian records report a city of Pi-Ramses was built under Ramses the Great (II, 1279-1213 BC) using Semites to build it.

In the Sinai there has not been found one shred of evidence that the Israelites camped there. If they wandered for 40 years there should be some evidence, yet nothing has been found. Israel is said to have camped at Kadesh-barnea, but when this site was excavated there was no evidence of any occupation in the Late Bronze Age. The children of Israel also stopped at Ezion-geber on the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, but there is no Late Bronze Age occupation. The king of Arad is mentioned, but no Late Bronze Age occupation was found.

Egyptologist Donald Redford suggests that the geographical details of the Exodus come from the 7th century BC. The Saite Dynasty fits the background of the Exodus story. A large Jewish community was present in the delta by the early 6th century BC (Jeremiah 44:1, 46:14). The famous city of Pithom (Tell Maskhuta) was built in the late 7th century BC. Migdol was very important in the 7th century BC. and mentioned by Jeremiah. Goshen comes from Geshem which is a dynastic name in the Qedarite Arab royal family that came to the delta in the 6th century.

The Egyptian names mentioned in the story of Joseph reach their greatest popularity in the 7-6th centuries BC like Zaphenath-paneah the grand vizier of the pharaoh. There is also a fear of spies that might later invade the land. There was no such fear until the Assyrians attacked.

All the places mentioned in the wilderness wanderings were inhabited in the 7th century BC. Some were occupied only at this time.

Finkelstein and Silberman conclude, "All these indications suggest that the Exodus narrative reached its final form during the time of the 26th Dynasty, in the second half of the 7th and the first half of the 6th century BCE" (p.6 Cool

. It seems that ancient traditions about the Hyksos was added with 7th century geography and political realities. The confrontation with Moses and the pharaoh reflects the confrontation between king Josiah and the newly crowned Pharaoh Necho.
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A la guerre comme a la guerre ГЁГ«ГЁ ГўГІГ®Г°Г Гї Г°ГҐГ¤Г ГЄГ¶ГЁГї Г‡Г ГЎГіГЈГ®Г°ГГ®ГўГ

enki

Г‡Г¤Г°Г ГўГ±ГІГўГіГ©ГІГҐ, Г¤Г®Г°Г®ГЈГЁГҐ Г¤Г°ГіГ§ГјГї!
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Г‘ ГЁГ±ГЄГ°ГҐГГГЁГ¬ ГіГўГ Г¦ГҐГГЁГҐГ¬, ГќГГЄГЁ.

Zabougornov

Г„Г Гї ГўГ°Г®Г¤ГҐ ГГҐ Г°Г Г§Г Г·Г Г°Г®ГўГ Г......ГЂ Г·ГІГ® ГўГ» Г¬Г®Г¦ГҐГІГҐ Г±ГЄГ Г§Г ГІГј ГЇГ® ГЇГ®ГўГ®Г¤Гі Г¬Г®ГЁГµ ГўГ®ГЇГ°Г®Г±Г®Гў?

Г—ГІГ® Г¦ ГЅГІГ® ГЇГ®Г«ГіГ·Г ГҐГІГ±Гї, ГГҐ ГЎГ»Г«Г® ГГЁГЄГ ГЄГ®ГЈГ® Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤Г ? Г‚Г±Вё Г·ГІГ® ГГ ГЇГЁГ±Г ГГ® Гў ГЃГЁГЎГ«ГЁГЁ - ГЅГІГ® Г«ГЁГёГј ГґГ ГГІГ Г§ГЁГЁ ГЁ Г«ГҐГЈГҐГГ¤Г» ГГ ГІГҐГ¬Г» Г°ГҐГ Г«ГјГГ® ГЇГ°Г®ГЁГ±ГµГ®Г¤ГїГ№ГЁГµ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГ©, Г±Г®Г·ГЁГВёГГГ»ГҐ ГЈГ®Г°Г Г§Г¤Г® ГЇГ®Г§Г¤ГГҐГҐ Г±Г Г¬ГЁГµ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГ©, ГГ® ГГЁ Гў ГЄГ®Г© Г¬ГҐГ°ГҐ ГГҐ Г®ГЇГЁГ±Г»ГўГ ГѕГ№ГЁГҐ Г¤Г®Г±ГІГ®ГўГҐГ°ГГ® Г±Г Г¬ГЁ Г±Г®ГЎГ»ГІГЁГї?
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A la guerre comme a la guerre ГЁГ«ГЁ ГўГІГ®Г°Г Гї Г°ГҐГ¤Г ГЄГ¶ГЁГї Г‡Г ГЎГіГЈГ®Г°ГГ®ГўГ

enki

Г‡Г¤Г°Г ГўГ±ГІГўГіГ©ГІГҐ, Г¤Г®Г°Г®ГЈГЁГҐ Г¤Г°ГіГ§ГјГї!
ГЏГ®-ГўГЁГ¤ГЁГ¬Г®Г¬Гі, ГЎГіГ¤ГҐГІ ГіГ¬ГҐГ±ГІГГ»Г¬ ГЇГ°ГЁГўГҐГ±ГІГЁ ГГҐГЎГ®Г«ГјГёГ®Г© Г®ГІГ°Г»ГўГ®ГЄ ГЁГ§ ГЄГГЁГЈГЁ "Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤ ГҐГўГ°ГҐГҐГў ГЁГ§ Г…ГЈГЁГЇГІГ " (www.hapiru.ru).
Г‘ГіГ№ГҐГ±ГІГўГіГҐГІ Г¬ГГҐГГЁГҐ Г® ГІГ®Г¬, Г·ГІГ® ГЇГ°Г®ГЁГ§Г®ГёГ«Г® ГГҐГ±ГЄГ®Г«ГјГЄГ® ГЁГ±ГµГ®Г¤Г®Гў ГЁГ§ Г…ГЈГЁГЇГІГ . ГЌГ Г¤ГЇГЁГ±Гј Г®ГЎ Г®Г¤ГГ®Г¬ ГЁГ§ ГГЁГµ Г±Г®ГµГ°Г ГГЁГ«Г Г±Гј Гў ГЇГ ГЇГЁГ°ГіГ±ГҐ ГЂГГ Г±ГІГ Г§ГЁ VI, Г¤Г ГІГЁГ°ГіГҐГ¬Г®Г¬ ГЇГ®Г±Г«ГҐГ¤ГГЁГ¬ГЁ ГЈГ®Г¤Г Г¬ГЁ XIII Гў. Г¤Г® Г.ГЅ. Г‘Г·ГЁГІГ ГҐГІГ±Гї, Г·ГІГ® Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤ ГЊГ®ГЁГ±ГҐГї - ГЅГІГ® ГЎГҐГЈГ±ГІГўГ® ГҐГўГ°ГҐГҐГў ГЁГ§ Г…ГЈГЁГЇГІГ , Гў ГІГ® ГўГ°ГҐГ¬Гї ГЄГ ГЄ ГЁГГ»ГҐ ГЁГ±ГµГ®Г¤Г» Г°Г Г±Г¶ГҐГГЁГўГ ГѕГІГ±Гї ГЄГ ГЄ ГЁГ§ГЈГГ ГГЁГҐ (ГЁ Г±ГўГїГ§Г»ГўГ ГѕГІГ±Гї Г± ГЈГЁГЄГ±Г®Г±Г Г¬ГЁ ГЁГ«ГЁ "Г±ГЁГ°ГЁГ©Г¶ГҐГ¬ Г€Г°Г±Гі").
ГЌГ ГЁГЎГ®Г«ГҐГҐ ГўГ®Г§Г¬Г®Г¦ГГ®Г© Г°Г ГГГҐГ© Г¤Г ГІГ®Г© Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤Г Г±Г·ГЁГІГ ГҐГІГ±Гї Г•IV Гў. Г¤Г® Г.ГЅ., ГЅГЇГ®ГµГ ГЇГ°Г ГўГ«ГҐГГЁГї ГЂГ¬ГҐГГµГ®ГІГҐГЇГ IV ГќГµГГ ГІГ®ГГ . Г‘ГІГ®Г°Г®ГГГЁГЄГЁ ГЅГІГ®Г© ГЈГЁГЇГ®ГІГҐГ§Г» Г±ГўГїГ§Г»ГўГ ГѕГІ Г€Г±ГµГ®Г¤ Г± Г°ГҐГ«ГЁГЈГЁГ®Г§ГГ®Г© Г¬Г®ГГ®ГІГҐГЁГ±ГІГЁГ·ГҐГ±ГЄГ®Г© Г°ГҐГґГ®Г°Г¬Г®Г© ГќГµГГ ГІГ®ГГ . Г’Г ГЄ, Г…ГўГ±ГҐГўГЁГ©, Г®Г¤ГЁГ ГЁГ§ Г®ГІГ¶Г®Гў Г¶ГҐГ°ГЄГўГЁ, ГўГЄГ«ГѕГ·ГЁГ« Гў Г±ГўГ®Г© "ГЉГ ГГ®Г", Г±Г®Г¤ГҐГ°Г¦Г Г№ГЁГ© ГЇГҐГ°ГҐГ·ГҐГГј Г¤ГЁГГ Г±ГІГЁГ© ГґГ Г°Г Г®ГГ®Гў, ГЇГ°ГЁГ¬ГҐГ·Г ГГЁГҐ ГЄ ГЁГ¬ГҐГГЁ Г‘ГҐГГµГҐГ°Г (Г‘ГҐГ¬ГҐГГµГҐГІГ°Г , Г‘Г¬ГҐГГµГ°Г ), ГЇГ°ГҐГҐГ¬ГГЁГЄГ ГќГµГГ ГІГ®ГГ : "ГЏГ°ГЁГ¬ГҐГ°ГГ® Гў ГЅГІГ® ГўГ°ГҐГ¬Гї ГЊГ®ГЁГ±ГҐГ© ГўГ»ГўГҐГ« ГҐГўГ°ГҐГҐГў ГЁГ§ Г…ГЈГЁГЇГІГ ".
Г‘ ГЁГ±ГЄГ°ГҐГГГЁГ¬ ГіГўГ Г¦ГҐГГЁГҐГ¬, enki.

Zabougornov

Zabougornov

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Г“ГўГ Г¦Г ГҐГ¬Г»ГҐ ГЈГ®Г±ГЇГ®Г¤Г !
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